Blockchain Technology Applications and Security

Latest papers

• SoK: Decentralized Agent Economic Infrastructure

  Rui Sun, Xihan Xiong, Qin Wang, Fei Gao, Zelin Li, Zehua Cheng, Jiahao Sun, Zhipeng Wang · 2 October 2026

  Decentralized agent economies increasingly build a single task from protocols that were designed and secured separately. This creates a simple problem: a workflow can look correct at each step and still produce the wrong outcome. For example, a correct escrow may release payment on an authorized app…

• Proof-Gated Signing: Solver-Checked Transaction Guards that Hold Under State Drift for Onchain AI Agents

  Bravish Ghosh · 2 October 2026

  AI agents that control wallets read attacker-reachable content, so they can be steered into proposing harmful transactions. The usual last line of defense is a pre-signing check: a static allowlist, an LLM reviewer, or a transaction simulation. All three share a gap: the check describes the chain st…

• A Systematization of Knowledge on DeFi Vaults: Architectures, Curation Mechanisms, and Strategy Design

  Davide Mancino, Luca Pennella · 2 October 2026

  Decentralized finance (DeFi) vaults are smart-contract-based asset management systems that pool deposits, execute programmable strategies, and mint tokenized shares representing claims on underlying assets and strategy performance. As vault designs have evolved from early yield aggregators to modula…

• Making Duplicate Reimbursement Unrepresentable: A Verified Ethereum E-Invoice System for Humans and AI Agents

  Jia Cai · 30 September 2026

  Electronic invoices are replacing paper invoices worldwide, but today's centralized architectures leave three problems unsolved on the consumption side: an invoice can be submitted for reimbursement repeatedly, authenticity is difficult for recipients to verify, and data is siloed at a central autho…

• Agentic Commerce Bench: Measuring Fraud Detection for Agents That Spend Money

  Ankit Srivastava, Debjyoti Paul · 30 September 2026

  AI agents now hold spend authority and settle payments without per-action human confirmation. The resulting loss is often not a security failure: a counterparty with the correct domain, the correct settlement address and a genuinely delivered service can charge more than it should, and no check keye…

• PixSim: a calibrated open-source simulator of instant-payment fraud, recovery and interdiction under analyst capacity constraints

  Bashir Zeimarani, Alireza Khatib, Somayeh Mousavinasr, Carlos Maur\'icio Serodio Figueiredo · 28 September 2026

  Brazil's Pix settles about 5.9 billion instant, irreversible transfers a month. A fraudulent transfer can be recovered only while the funds remain in a traceable account, and in 2025 the Central Bank's recovery mechanism (MED) returned 9% of accepted contested value. Interdiction therefore has to ha…

• Werracle: Sub-Cent Intra-Block AI Reflex Oracles and Flash-Loan Circuit Breakers for EVM Smart Contracts

  Volkan Da\u{g}l{\i}, Zerrin Da\u{g}l{\i}, Da\u{g}han Da\u{g}l{\i} · 28 September 2026

  Contemporary on-chain artificial intelligence (AI) encounters an intractable Von Neumann memory and latency wall. Storing static floating-point neural weight matrices inside Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) storage costs millions of gas, rendering direct on-chain inference impossible. While Zero-Knowl…

• Verifiable Randomness for Blockchain-Based Lottery Systems

  Gon\c{c}alo Ferreira, Andr\'e Z\'uquete, Paulo Bartolomeu · 28 September 2026

  As lotteries and other high-stakes decentralized applications increasingly depend on unpredictable randomness for their operations, the lack of a secure and transparent on-chain random number generator that is verifiable by all participants remains a critical open problem. Various approaches to bloc…

• Blockchain-Enabled Artificial Intelligence and AI Agents for Secure Data Sharing and Cybersecurity Applications

  Harsh Verma · 25 September 2026

  Blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) are converging into a single infrastructural layer for securing data sharing, model integrity, and autonomous decision-making across distributed systems. This paper presents a meta-synthesis that draws together four constituent studies covering adversarial…

• Unsnarling the Red Tape: Computational Infrastructure for Regulatory Systems

  Vinay K. Chaudhri, Henry F. Korth, Patrick A. McLaughlin, Leora Morgenstern, Jaromir Savelka, Wee Kee Toh, Helen Wright · 25 September 2026

  Regulatory complexity is increasingly recognized as an impediment to innovation, institutional responsiveness, and long-run economic growth, with regulatory accumulation estimated to reduce the U.S. GDP growth rate by nearly a full percentage point annually. This paper argues that computational appr…

• Asset-Class Specific Sustainability Disclosure: Lessons Learned from the EU MiCA Regulation

  Ulrich Gallersd\"orfer, Lena Klaa{\ss}en, Christoph Kreiterling, Christian Stoll · 24 September 2026

  Sustainability disclosure in the European Union has so far focused on corporate reporting and sustainability information attached to traditional financial products. Crypto-assets, with consensus-mechanism-driven environmental externalities and fragmented issuer structures, largely fell through this …

• Who Assures the Verifier? An Executable Assurance-Locus Audit of the European Digital Identity Wallet

  Anton Sokolov (Tyche Institute) · 23 September 2026

  The European Digital Identity Wallet (EUDI Wallet) architecture places material duties on relying parties: they register services and intended uses, authenticate to Wallet Units, validate presentations and trust anchors, and make risk-based status decisions. Wallet certification and the emerging Fun…

• ETH-TraceBench: A Large-Scale Event-Stream Benchmark for Ethereum DeFi under Temporal, Protocol, and Contract Shift

  Kemal Kirtac, Carsten Maple · 22 September 2026

  Ethereum decentralized finance (DeFi) provides a public, time-stamped record of transaction-level event streams, but the same public symbols can create strong machine-learning shortcuts. We introduce ETH-TraceBench, a benchmark for evaluating Ethereum DeFi representations under temporal, protocol, p…

• dSTAR: Straggler Tolerant and Byzantine Resilient Distributed SGD

  Jiahe Yan, Pratik Chaudhari, Leonard Kleinrock · 21 September 2026

  Distributed model training needs to be adapted to challenges such as the straggler effect and Byzantine attacks. When coordinating the training process with multiple computing nodes, ensuring timely and reliable gradient aggregation amidst network and system malfunctions is essential. To tackle thes…

• From Public Evidence to Contractual Outcome: First and Stable Decidability on Kalshi

  Maksym Nechepurenko · 16 September 2026

  Public evidence can become sufficient to settle a prediction-market contract before the venue records its first determination, but the relevant boundary depends on the applicable rule version, exact release object, source hierarchy, correction history, and unfinished contract conditions. This paper …

• DeFiFlowBench: Benchmarking and Improving Safe Executability in Natural-Language DeFi Workflow Synthesis

  Abhinav Rajeev Kumar, Harshit Arora, Varun Singh, Manikandan Nanjappan · 11 September 2026

  A structurally valid DeFi workflow can still authorize a costly trade. We introduce DeFiFlowBench, a benchmark of 207 team-authored prompts for natural-language DeFi workflow synthesis. It measures graph coverage, configuration completeness, and declared safety predicates, then tests supported trade…

• Your Agent Says Yes: Interpreting Adversarial Market Behavior Beyond Individual Transactions

  Zelin Li, Yiyun Su, Matt White, Zhipeng Wang, Xiao-Yang Liu, Tianyu Shi · 9 September 2026

  Transaction-local controls answer whether one financial request may proceed, but market behavior can be distributed across messages, agents, assets, and time. We study this interpretation gap in a virtual exchange populated by ten role-conditioned language-model agents. The agents communicate, trade…

• zScore-N: A Neural Network for On-Chain Wallet Reputation Scoring

  Girish G N, Ashutosh Sahoo, Akshay SP, Gurukiran S, Dhanashekar Kandaswamy · 9 September 2026

  Wallet reputation scores decide who receives an airdrop, who can borrow, and who enters an allowlist across decentralised finance. They almost always begin as hand-written formulas: compositions of clamped logarithmic, linear and square-root transforms over behavioural features, with every threshold…

• Formalising Grassroots Social Contracts: From Legal Text to Grassroots Platforms

  James Golike, Andy Lewis-Pye, Ehud Shapiro · 9 September 2026

  Two centuries ago Pierre-Joseph Proudhon envisioned a social contract that is (1) an agreement of man with man; (2) reciprocal; (3) imposing no obligation upon the parties except that which results from their personal promise; (4) subject to no external authority; (5) freely accepted and signed by a…

• Blockchain-Enabled Secure Logging for Fiscal Electronic Mechanisms: Evaluation of the Greek eSEND and myDATA Tax Systems

  Panagiotis Mavridis, Anargyros Baklezos, Christos Nikolopoulos · 7 September 2026

  This paper analyzes the implementation of blockchain-based integrity mechanisms in Greek Fiscal Electronic Mechanisms (FEMs) and the central tax information system eSEND. The study examines the cryptographic architecture of fiscal devices, including Electronic Cash Registers, Fiscal Printers, Fiscal…

• Population-Calibrated Graph Screening at 835-Million-Address Scale, with Label-Free Transfer to New Chains

  Yury Korolev · 4 September 2026

  Compliance screening of blockchain addresses is, in practice, a lookup against sanctions registries plus clustering heuristics; it fails on unlabelled addresses and on chains with no label coverage at all. We describe a deployed system that scores an address by its position in a multi-chain transact…

• Fetch.ai: An Architecture for Modern Multi-Agent Systems

  Michael J. Wooldridge, Attila Bagoly, Jonathan J. Ward, Emanuele La Malfa, Gabriel Paludo Licks · 3 September 2026

  Recent surges in LLM-driven intelligent systems largely overlook decades of foundational multi-agent systems (MAS) research, resulting in frameworks with critical limitations such as centralization and inadequate trust and communication protocols. This paper introduces the Fetch.ai architecture, an …

• Don't You Know, Pump it Up! Investigating Cryptocurrency Manipulation in Telegram-Driven Activity

  Filipe Moura, Giordano Paoletti, Carlos H. G Ferreira, Jussara Almeida · 2 September 2026

  Telegram plays a pivotal role in cryptocurrency communication and has been repeatedly associated with coordinated schemes, such as pump-and-dump manipulation. However, existing studies typically focus on known manipulation chats or a limited set of cryptocurrencies, leaving open the question of how …

• If It Walks Like an Arbitrage: Protocol-Agnostic Detection with Decidable Structural Equivalence

  Adam Khayam, Hamid Kolli, Mohamed Iguernlala, \c{C}agdas Bozman · 26 August 2026

  Whether a transaction performed an arbitrage, and by which route, is a question asked of its execution trace after the fact. We conjecture that such traces admit a normal form on which questions of this kind become queries, and we test it by building one and putting it to work. Each trace becomes an…

• Balancing Innovation and Sustainability: Addressing the Environmental Impact of Bitcoin Mining

  Mohammad Ikbal Hossain, Muhammad Imam Hussain, Ayesha Arobee, Md Nasim Fardous Zim, Md Bahauddin Badhon, Shahanaz Akter · 26 August 2026

  This study explores the intersection of technological innovation and environmental sustainability in the context of Bitcoin mining. With Bitcoin's growing adoption, concerns surrounding the energy consumption and environmental impact of mining activities have intensified. The study examines the core…