3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage

Latest papers

• Matisse: Evidence-Space Reasoning for Active 3D Reconstruction

  Xihang Yu, Kaichen Zhou, Lorenzo Shaikewitz, Cl\'ement Jambon, Xiao Zhan, Rajat Talak, Luca Carlone · 1 October 2026

  How can a 3D reconstruction system acquire and retain useful information to understand the geometry of a scene from partial views under a limited computation budget? Existing active view acquisition methods typically estimate uncertainty over observed or instantiated geometry, limiting their ability…

• An Automated Georeferencing Technique for Multi-Temporal Stope Point Clouds for Downstream Geotechnical Analysis

  Dibyayan Patra, Simit Raval, Pasindu Ranasinghe, Bikram Banerjee, Ismet Canbulat · 25 September 2026

  The increasing use of UAV laser scanning in underground mines has enabled frequent acquisition of 3D point clouds from challenging environments such as stopes, generating large volumes of multi-temporal spatial data throughout successive excavation stages. However, in GNSS-denied underground environ…

• AstraLOD3: Zero-shot multimodal agentic reconstruction of LOD3 building models

  Bryan G. Pantoja-Rosero · 24 September 2026

  Automated LOD3 building modeling typically relies on purpose-built geometric or learning-based pipelines, limiting flexibility across heterogeneous buildings and input evidence conditions. This study investigates whether Astra, a general-purpose multimodal foundation model, can address these limitat…

• OpenFlyScan: A Quality-Guided Aerial Reconstruction System for Consumer Drones

  Zhongrui You, Zhen Li, Junli Liu, Zhigang Wang, Bin Zhao · 22 September 2026

  3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) provides high-fidelity scenes for large-scale embodied simulation, but constructing large-scale urban assets remains constrained by expensive equipment and delayed quality feedback. Preset surveys can leave complex surfaces insufficiently observed, with defects discovere…

• 2D GauSS-MI: Efficient Active Scene Reconstruction with Balanced Visual and Geometric Quality

  Yuhan Xie, Jia Pan · 21 September 2026

  Active reconstruction requires efficient active view selection to achieve high-quality reconstruction within limited onboard computational resources. Existing methods face challenges in adequately balancing visual and geometric quality with the computational efficiency required for real-time operati…

• HiSfM: Disambiguating Structure-from-Motion via Scaffold-Anchored Hierarchical Reconstruction

  Ziding Zhao, Hainan Cui, Peilin Tao, Shuhan Shen · 7 September 2026

  Structure-from-Motion (SfM) is a fundamental tool for sparse 3D reconstruction with broad impact in robotics and vision, supporting mapping, localization, and large-scale scene modeling. However, conventional pipelines often fail under hard visual ambiguity caused by repeated or symmetric structures…

• On-the-Fly3R: Towards Robust Online 3D Reconstruction with Feed-Forward 3R Models for Large-Scale UAV Scenarios

  Zhe Shen, Liyuan Lou, Yifei Yu, Guanbo Wang, Quanjian Ji, Xin Wang, Zongqian Zhan · 2 September 2026

  While feed-forward 3D reconstruction (3R) offers efficient end-to-end modeling, its application in large-scale UAV mapping is hindered by the prohibitive memory cost of Transformer attention. Current scalable streaming 3R methods assume temporally and spatially continuous inputs, rendering them inef…

• 3D Point Cloud from Close-Range Photogrammetry for Defect Characterisation of Rubberised Concrete

  Jiacheng Liu, Mohammed Alnahhal, Ailar Hajimohammadi, Sara Gonizzi Barsanti, Jinling Wang, Mohsen Kalantari · 25 August 2026

  While three-dimensional (3D) point clouds are widely used in civil engineering, mainstream LiDAR systems such as Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) are physically constrained to laboratory environments. Since their laser spot size typically exceeds the width of microcracks, the beam physically bridges…

• Damage Classification for 3D Point Cloud Data via 3D Data Analysis and Vision Foundation Model-based 2D Projections

  Evan Perez, Kalelo Dukuray, Erika Ardiles-Cruz, Jie Wei · 11 August 2026

  Fine-grained damage classification of 3D point cloud data (PCD) remains a persistent challenge, constrained by high computational demands and limited labeled data. This study examines two methods: 3D PCD-based damage assessment (3PDA) algorithm and 2D projection damage assessment (2PDA) In our 3PDA …

• Rethinking 3D Segmentation from Individual LiDAR Scans: Incidence-Aware Sampling on the SIP Benchmark

  Seongyong Kim, Jingdao Chen, Yong Kwon Cho · 11 August 2026

  3D scene understanding is increasingly important in construction, yet most methods are developed on curated datasets that do not fully reflect real site sensing conditions. In many workflows, individual LiDAR scans provide rapid local updates rather than complete scene representations, producing lim…

• Iterative Hybrid Discrete-Continuous Viewpoint Planning for UAV Photogrammetry

  Alan Grech, Daniel Pisani, Andre Grima, Carl James Debono, Saviour Formosa, Dylan Seychell · 7 August 2026

  Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry requires camera networks that provide sufficient surface coverage, image overlap, parallax, and resolution, yet conventional flight patterns are often poorly adapted to scene geometry resulting in local reconstruction errors. This paper proposes an iterat…

• Explainable Multimodal AI for Adaptive Calibration of Archaeological Sensing Workflows

  Nevio Dubbini, Daniel P. van Helden, Claudia Sciuto, Martina Naso, Arthur Leck, Clement Joubert, Heeli C. Schechter, Remy Chapoulie, Gabriele Gattiglia · 30 July 2026

  This paper presents a multimodal machine-learning framework for calibration monitoring, quality assessment, and adaptive acquisition support in archaeological digitisation workflows. The proposed approach operates across photogrammetric 3D reconstruction, hyperspectral imaging, X-ray fluorescence sp…

• Track-Leakage-Free Hold-Out Self-Validation for Photogrammetric Reconstruction: Protocol, Sensitivity, and Limits

  Behnam Asadi · 28 July 2026

  Automated photogrammetric inspection emits metric measurements from reconstructions whose correctness is normally unknown without an external survey. Can a reconstruction estimate its own reliability with no ground truth, and what would such an estimate measure? We formalise a track-leakage-free hol…

• Revitalizing Public Urban Places through Cultural and Political Memory: A Technological Approach with LLMs and Augmented Reality

  Lara Vartziotis, Tina Vartziotis, Valentin Keckeisen, Frank Beutenmueller, Martin Obstbaum, Sotirios Kotsopoulos, Kostas Moraitis · 28 July 2026

  This paper explores the intersection of memory, place, and identity, examining how new technologies, particularly Apple Vision Pro, can illuminate this nexus. Leveraging digital twins and virtual reality, it investigates how memory is woven into landscapes and urban environments of cultural and hist…

• iVISION-2DCD: A Long-Term Change Detection Dataset for Large-Scale Outdoor Construction Monitoring

  Dayou Mao, Yuchen Lin, Ashkan Ebadi, John Zelek, Alexander Wong, Yuhao Chen · 7 July 2026

  Automation in construction is essential for reducing costs and human errors in large-scale projects. We approach the construction progress monitoring from the aspect of detecting changes in construction sites. As construction buildings continue to evolve in geometry and appearance over time, change …

• Knowledge-Driven Dimension Estimation from a Single Image -3D Asset Generation Technology for Digital Twin Construction

  Hidenori Sakaniwa, Akihito Akai, Akihiko Hyodo · 1 July 2026

  In the verification of in-vehicle cameras, simulation technology using virtual spaces has advanced, enabling pre-evaluation of false detections and missed detections in various scenarios. However, discrepancies in the scale of the object being verified between the virtual and real environments can l…

• SatSplatDiff: Geometry-preserving generative refinement for high-fidelity satellite Gaussian Splatting

  Jiyong Kim, Shuang Song, Ronjgun Qin · 26 June 2026

  Gaussian Splatting has been recently explored for satellite 3D reconstruction, demonstrating flexibility and efficiency in representing radiometrically diverse satellite scenes. However, the limited top viewpoint of satellite imagery results in insufficient supervision on building facades, leaving s…

• Illumination-Invariant Anomaly Detection for Sub-Canopy UAV Multispectral Point Clouds

  Likun Chen, Yanfeng Gu, Xian Li · 9 June 2026

  Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) multispectral point clouds (MPC) provide high-dimensional spatial-spectral data for sub-canopy target detection; however, their efficacy is significantly compromised by severe illumination heterogeneity caused by vegetation shadows. To address this, we propose a prior-f…

• Towards Integrated Rock Support Visualisation in 3D Point Cloud of Underground Mines

  Dibyayan Patra, Simit Raval, Pasindu Ranasinghe, Bikram Banerjee, Ismet Canbulat · 21 May 2026

  The effectiveness of rock support in underground mines depends on the interaction between installed rock bolts and the structural fabric of the surrounding rock mass. However, discontinuity characterisation and rock bolt identification are commonly treated as separate tasks, limiting their value for…

• UAV-Assisted Scan-to-Simulation for Landslides Using Physics-Informed Gaussian Splatting

  Zhenyu Liang, Jack C. P. Cheng · 12 May 2026

  Landslide monitoring and simulation play an important role in urban safety assessment and disaster prevention. Existing landslide simulation pipelines typically rely on digital elevation model and mesh-based representations, which are suitable for geometric analysis, but often lack visual realism. T…

• Seamless Indoor-Outdoor Mapping for INGENIOUS First Responders

  Jürgen Wohlfeil, Henry Meißner, Adrian Schischmanow, Thomas Kraft, Dirk Baumbach, Ines Ernst, Dennis Dahlke · 30 April 2026

  In several applications it is desired to have 3D models not only from the outdoor spaces but also from inside the building. In the context of First Responder enhancement in large scale natural and man-made disasters, a method is presented to achieve this goal with a high degree of automation. Theref…

• BIMStruct3D: A Fully Automated Hybrid Learning Scan-to-BIM Pipeline with Integrated Topology Refinement

  Mahdi Chamseddine, Fabian Kaufmann, Marius Schellen, Christian Glock, Didier Stricker, Jason Rambach · 28 April 2026

  Automatic generation of Building Information Models (BIM) from building scans is a key challenge in architecture and construction. We present a modular pipeline for generating IFC-compliant BIM from 3D point clouds. The hybrid approach combines learning-based semantic segmentation with topology-awar…

• A Comparison of Multi-View Stereo Methods for Photogrammetric 3D Reconstruction: From Traditional to Learning-Based Approaches

  Yawen Li, George Vosselman, Francesco Nex · 14 April 2026

  Photogrammetric 3D reconstruction has long relied on traditional Structure-from-Motion (SfM) and Multi-View Stereo (MVS) methods, which provide high accuracy but face challenges in speed and scalability. Recently, learning-based MVS methods have emerged, aiming for faster and more efficient reconstr…

• Analyzing Multimodal Interaction Strategies for LLM-Assisted Manipulation of 3D Scenes

  Junlong Chen, Jens Grubert, Per Ola Kristensson · 10 April 2026

  As more applications of large language models (LLMs) for 3D content for immersive environments emerge, it is crucial to study user behaviour to identify interaction patterns and potential barriers to guide the future design of immersive content creation and editing systems which involve LLMs. In an …

• Industrial3D: A Water-Treatment TLS Point Cloud Dataset and Cross-Paradigm Benchmark for MEP Scene Understanding

  Chao Yin, Hongzhe Yue, Qing Han, Difeng Hu, Zhenyu Liang, Fangzhou Lin, Bing Sun, Boyu Wang, Mingkai Li, Wei Yao, Jack C. P. Cheng · 31 March 2026

  Automated semantic understanding of dense terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point clouds is a prerequisite for Scan-to-BIM, digital twin maintenance, and as-built verifcation. Yet for operational industrial mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) facilities, this challenge remains largely unsolved…